30) Ordenadores de placa reducida SBC (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Orange Pi, Banana Pi)

30) SBC reduced board computers (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Orange Pi, Banana Pi)


30) SBC reduced board computers (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Orange Pi, Banana Pi)

         -Arduino: The designs of Arduino boards use various microcontrollers and microprocessors. Generally the hardware consists of an Atmel AVR microcontroller, connected under the configuration of "minimum system" on a printed circuit board to which you can connect expansion plates (shields) through the arrangement of the input and output ports. present on the selected plate.

         -Raspberry Pi: is a low-cost computer, single-board computer or low-cost single-board computer (SBC) developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, with the aim of stimulating computer education in schools.

         -Orange Pi: is a single-board open source computer, based on Raspberry Pi1 but lower priced and manufactured by Shenzhen Xunlong Software CO., Limited. It can work with Android 4.2, Android 4.4, Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Raspbian, ArchLinux, openSUSE, OpenWrt and other operating systems. It uses the AllWinner A20 SoC processor, and has a memory that goes from the 256MB of the Orange Pi Zero to the 2GB DDR3 SDRAM of the larger boards. It has a standard TF card slot.

         -Banana Pi: The Banana Pi is a small plate similar to the Raspberry Pi but with a more powerful processor and 1 GB of RAM. It is based on an Allwinner A20 capable of running Android, Lubuntu or Raspbian for example. It is a small plate lena of characteristics for those who want to take advantage of all its power.

29) Toner, Cartuchos, Sistemas de Tinta Continua.

29) Toner, Cartridges, Continuous Ink Systems.          -Toner: Toner, also called dry ink by functional analogy with ink, is a fine powder, usually black in color, which is deposited on the paper to be printed by means of electrostatic attraction or magnetography. Once the pigment is adhered, it is fixed on the paper, by means of pressure and adequate heat.          -Cartridge: An ink cartridge or inkjet cartridge is a replaceable set of a printer that contains the ink and, often, also the printhead itself that projects the ink on the paper during printing. The name derives from the fact that it corresponds to a hard container that is inserted inside the machine and that contains ink either on the basis of water or a special solvent.          -Continuous ink system: A continuous ink system, in English Continuous Ink Supply System (CISS), also known by the names inkjet in bulk, or simply Bulk kit (in English, "in batch"). A continuous ink system has many advantages that have made it popular in many countries around the world: The cost of ink is reduced, compared to the continuous replacement of cartridges, it has little maintenance (only in the case that the cartridge is damaged, it must do a deep maintenance). Another important advantage is that you can continue to recharge the tanks as many times as necessary, if the head is not damaged

28) Impact printers (Matrix, Non-Matrix), without impact (thermal, deinjection or inkjet, laser). -Matrix impact printers

28) Impact printers (Matrix, Non-Matrix), without impact (thermal, deinjection or inkjet, laser). -Matrix impact printers: The dot matrix printer or dot matrix printer is a type of printer with the print head that moves from left to right printing on the page by impact, pressing an ink ribbon against the paper, so similar to the operation of a typewriter. Unlike the typewriters or margarita printers, the letters are obtained by selecting points from a matrix, and therefore it is possible to produce different fonts, and graphics in general. -Non Matrix Impact Printer: print without impact. This is the name given to printing made by a set of devices, generally connected directly to the computer, that generate the image without the printer form touching the support. Examples are: laser, thermal, inkjet, sublimation, etc. -Termica: The thermal printer is based on a series of hot needles that run through the thermo sensitive paper, which on contact becomes black. -Injection: Inkjet printers work by ejecting ink droplets of different sizes on paper. They are the most popular printers today for the general public because of their ability to print quality at low cost. -Laser: the printing device consists of a photoconductive drum attached to a toner deposit and a laser beam that is modulated and projected through a specular disc towards the photoconducting drum. The rotation of the disk causes a sweep of the beam on the generatrix of the drum. The zones of the drum on which the beam impinges are ionized and, when those zones (through the rotation of the drum) pass through the toner deposit, attract the ionized powder from it. Subsequently the drum comes into contact with the paper, impregnating the corresponding areas with dust. Finally, the ink is fixed to the paper by means of a double action of pressure and heat.

27) Stabilizers, UPS, IEC connector.
-A voltage stabilizer is an electronic or electromechanical equipment, designed to give a stabilized voltage at its output (230 Volts or 380 Volts), although at its input the voltage is lower or higher than the utilization value.
-UPS: it is a source of electrical supply that has a battery in order to continue giving energy to a device in the case of electrical interruption. UPSs are called in Spanish UPS (Uninterruptible Power System). UPS stands for Uninterruptible Power Supply in English.
- IEC Connector: (International Electrotechnical Commission) is the common name of the set of thirteen electrical power connectors and thirteen plug panels, defined in the IEC 60320 specification (formerly IEC 320) of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

26) Wired and Wireless Keyboard and Mouse (USB, PS / 2, Bluetooth, Wifi). - WIRED KEYBOARD: It is an input peripheral or device, partly inspired by the keyboard of the typewriters, which uses a set of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches that send information to the computer. - WIRELESS TUNING: They are usually common keyboards where the communication between the computer and the peripheral is done through infrared rays, radio waves or by bluetooth. -MOUSE WIRELESS: It is a pointing device used to facilitate the management of a graphic environment on a computer. It is usually made of plastic and is used with one of the hands. It detects its relative movement in two dimensions by the flat surface on which it rests, usually reflected through a pointer or arrow on the monitor. -MOUSE WIRELESS: In this case the device lacks a cable that communicates with the computer (computer), instead uses some type of wireless technology. For this, it requires a receiver that receives the wireless signal that produces, through batteries, the mouse. The receiver is normally connected to the computer through a USB or PS / 2 port.

25) Joystick, Control Controls, Headbands, Microphone.

25) Joystick, Control Controls, Headbands, Microphone.
- JOYSTICK: It is a device of control of two or three axes that is used from a computer or videoconsola until a space shuttle or the fighter planes, happening through cranes.
-CONTROL CONTROL: It is an electronic device used to perform a remote operation (or remote control) on a machine.
The term is generally used to refer to the remote control (usually called simply "the command" or, in Latin America, "the control") for the television or other type of home electronic device, such as DVD, Hi-Fi, computers , and to turn on and off a switch, alarm, or open the parking door.
-ADADEMAS: There are so-called headband microphones that are those, which, as the name implies, adhere to the head like any headband, which allows the user greater comfort no longer need to hold it with their hands, which allows perform other activities.
-MICROPHONE: The microphones are the transducers responsible for transforming acoustic energy into electrical energy, allowing, therefore, the recording, storage, transmission and electronic processing of audio signals. They are dual loudspeaker devices, both transducers constituting the most significant elements in terms of the sonic characteristics that superimpose the audio signals

24) Reading and Burning Units (CD, DVD, BlueRay). READING UNITS: -CD: The CD-ROM drive allows the use of optical discs with a higher capacity than 3.5-inch floppy disks: up to 700 MB. This is its main advantage, since CD-ROMs have become the standard for distributing operating systems, applications, etc. The use of these units is very widespread, since they also allow to read compact audio discs. -DVD: DVD-ROM drives are apparently the same as CD-ROM drives, they can read both DVD-ROM and CD-ROM discs. They differ from the CD-ROM reading units in that the support used has up to 17 GB capacity, and in the speed of reading the data. The speed is expressed with another number of the "x": 12x, 16x ... But now the x refers to 1.32 MB / s. Thus: 16x = 21.12 MB / s. -BLUERAY: It is a device that mounts in the bays of 5.25 "of the cabinet, basically integrates within itself a special blue laser beam emitter to read the data recorded on a CD (" Compact Disc "), on a DVD (" Disc Versátile Digital ") and the DB (" Blu-ray Disc "), a motor to rotate the disc and a tray to place them.After reading the data, this unit is also responsible for sending them by means of a cable to the main card (Motherboard) to be processed. BURNER UNITS: -CD: CD burner is a device that will record data or any type of information on an empty optical compact disc. There is also the CD Rom device that only does the work to read the compact disc. The CD Rom is an optical disc. The maximum possible memory that can be stored in an empty device is approximately 800 super bytes. The CD burner comes along with the set of a serial bus that can be connected to the system and there will also be a driver software that can be used to burn the Rom. -DVDRW: It can read and record and re-record images, sound and data on discs of several gigabytes of capacity, with a capacity of 650 MB to 9 GB. -BLURAY: The unit opens and closes its tray either through the user by the button assigned to it or from the computer software. Once placed the Blu-ray, DVD, HD-DVD or CD and the tray inside, an internal mechanism couples the disc with the laser beam and the motor begins the turn to read the characteristics of the disc

23) Multi Card Reader PC (SM, SD, MS (Memory Stick), Memory Stick PRO (MS-PRO), MS-Duo, microSD, miniSD, Multi Media Card (MMC), eSATA)

23) Multi Card Reader PC (SM, SD, MS (Memory Stick), Memory Stick PRO (MS-PRO), MS-Duo, microSD, miniSD, Multi Media Card (MMC), eSATA)
- A memory card reader is a device for accessing data on a memory card such as CompactFlash (CF), Secure Digital (SD) or MultiMediaCard (MMC). Most card readers also offer writing capability, and along with the card, this can work as a pen drive.
Some printers and smartphones have a built-in card reader, as do most personal computers and most tablet computers.
A multiple card reader is used for communication with more than one type of flash memory card. Multiple card readers do not have built-in memory capacity, but can accept multiple types and styles of memory cards.
The number of compatible memory cards varies from one reader to another and can include more than 20 different types. The number of different memory cards that a multiple card reader can accept is expressed as x-in-1, where x is a number that indicates the number of memory cards accepted, such as 35 in 1. There are three categories of card readers sorted by type and number of card slots: individual card reader (for example, 1x SD-only), multiple card reader (for example 9-in-1) and serial card reader (for example, 4x SD-only )
Some types of memory cards with their own USB functions do not need the card reader, such as the Intelligent Stick memory card, which can be connected directly to a USB slot.
The USB device class used is 0x08.
Modern UDMA-7 CompactFlash and UHS-I Secure Digital cards provide data rates greater than 89 MB / s and up to 145 MB / s, [1] when used with memory card readers with USB 3.0 data transfer capability.

22) Hard Drives Connections (Sata, IDE) Technologies (HDD, SCSI, SSD, SSHD)

22) Hard Drives Connections (Sata, IDE) Technologies (HDD, SCSI, SSD, SSHD).
-SATA: (Serial ATA) is the one currently used by desktop and laptop computers of the latest generation, it is a novel interface that uses a serial bus for the transfer of data of course faster and more efficient than the IDE system
- IDE: is a unit that uses a parallel ATA connection, called IDE informally. The term IDE is synonymous with Integrated Drive Electronics Interface (Integrated Electronic Unit Interface). The first time the hard drives used the IDE interface was in 1986.
- HDD: Ó Hard drives are conventional hard drives, their acronym comes from the English "Hard Disk Drive", this technology is the oldest of the three since it is the only one that requires mechanical movement to function.
The hard disk works in the following way, inside it has a magnetic head that goes encoding tiny sectors of a metallic disk in rotation at high speeds, these heads write on the disk using binary code (0 and 1).
-SSI: Small Computer System Interface Small computer system interface, better known by the English acronym SCSI is a standard interface for the transfer of data between different devices of the computer bus.
- SSD: or disk in solid state The SSD or disk in solid state are the natural evolution of the HDD technology or hard disk, the discs in solid state do not require of mechanical movement with which they do not heat so much, make less noise and require less energy
The SSDs use the same SATA connector as the HDD, despite this they achieve much higher speeds reaching 6Gbps (540 MB / s) of read and write.
-SSHD: Solid state drive (SSD) + hard disk drive (HDD) = Hybrid solid state drive (SSHD) and innovation. Hybrid solid-state drives (SSHD) combine a small, fast, and affordable amount of NAND-type flash memory with a traditional hard drive

21) Cooling Systems (Dissipater, Fan, Liquid).

21) Cooling Systems (Dissipater, Fan, Liquid).
- Refrigeration system: Result of image for refrigeration system Definition The so-called refrigeration systems or refrigeration systems correspond to mechanical arrangements that use the thermodynamic properties of the material to transfer heat energy in the form of heat between two or more sources, as required .
-Displacer: A dissipator is an instrument that is used to lower the temperature of some ... able to use heatsinks of reasonable dimensions, becoming necessary to use other forms of cooling such as liquid cooling.
-Ventilator: A fan is a fluid machine, more exactly a turbo transmitting machine ... An example of this are evaporators and condensers in air cooling systems, in which a fan improves efficiency.
-Liquida: The liquid cooling or watercooling is a cooling technique that uses water instead of heat sinks and fans (inside the chassis) and thus achieves excellent results in terms of temperatures, and with enormous possibilities of overclock. It is usually done with watertight water circuits.

20) Transmission Media (Wi-Fi (a, b, c), Bluetooth, IrDA, RJ11, RJ45, RS-232)

20) Transmission Media (Wi-Fi (a, b, c), Bluetooth, IrDA, RJ11, RJ45, RS-232)
-WiFi 802.11a
The first revision of the 802.11 standard was born back in 1999 and operates over the 5 GHz frequency band, with a maximum speed of 54 Mbps.
-WiFi 802.11b
The revision 802.11b soon began to enjoy great general acceptance due to the fact that operating in the 2.4 GHz band reduced the attenuation eliminating many interferences improving the quality of the Wi-Fi signal.
- WiFi 802.11ac
The new WiGig standard brought the great speeds to wireless connections and proof of this is the advance achieved with Wi-Fi 802.11ac.
-WiFi 802.11ad
The Wi-Fi technology baptized as WiGig is also one of the most recent and although it is still not very well known to the general public, it will soon begin to be so due to its incredible potential. Not only because equipment compatible with it has already been announced, such as the Talon Ad7200 from TP-Link, but above all by the speeds of up to 4.6 Gbps it can offer in the 60 GHz frequency band.
-Bluetooth: is an industrial specification for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) created by Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Inc. that enables the transmission of voice and data between different devices through a radio frequency link in the ISM band of 2.4 GHz.
-IRDA: Infrared Data Association (IrDA), "Infra-Red Data Association", defines a physical standard in the form of infrared transmission and reception of data. IrDA was created in 1993, between: HP, IBM, Sharp and others. This technology is based on light rays that move in the infrared spectrum.
-RJ11: RJ11 plug. The RJ11 connector (RJ stands for Registered Jack) is the most used connector for telephone lines. It is similar to an RJ45 connector but smaller. On a computer, it is usually used to connect the modem.
-RJ45: It is a physical interface commonly used to connect computer networks with structured cabling (categories 4, 5, 5e, 6 and 6a). It has eight pins or electrical connections, which are normally used as twisted pair cable (UTP) ends. It is part of the United States Federal Code of Regulations
-RS-232: (Recommended Standard 232, in Spanish: "Recommended Standard 232"), also known as EIA / TIA RS-232C, is an interface that designates a standard for the exchange of serial binary data between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment, "Terminal Data Equipment"), such as a computer.

19) Dedicated video card integrated in the board (CrossFire bridge, SLI bridges).

19) Dedicated video card integrated in the board (CrossFire bridge, SLI bridges).
-Board: An integrated graphics card (iGP: Integrated Graphics Processor) is so called because it depends on the primary memory of the system or our dear RAM. The current integrated chips are embedded directly in the CPU, which determines how much RAM will be used to process graphics in a game.
-Crossfire bridge: It is the name given to the Multi GPU system of ATI / AMD that was designed as a counterpart to nVidia's SLI. This system allows, using a certified Crossfire board, to connect up to four graphic cards that support this technology in PCIe x16 slots.
-SLI bridges: Scalable Link Interface (SLI) is a method to connect two or more video cards (graphics card) and combine their performance. It is a parallel processing algorithm for computer graphics, which increases the processing power available for graphics.

18) Expansion Slots AGP, PCI, PCI Express

18) Expansion Slots AGP, PCI, PCI Express
- Ports or PCI BUS
PCI BUS. It means Interconnected Peripheral Component and it is a 32-bit communication bus that performs its functions at 33Mhz, transferring data to and from the RAM memory at 133Mbits / s, a satisfactory speed even for PCI-type 2D graphics cards. Thanks to the PCI bus, the processor can work on other more complex functions as it develops manipulations of texture and calculation of polygons for example. PCI slots vary depending on the bits to be transported, as is the case with 32-bit PCI slots and 64-bit PCI slots, which are the most recent. For the electrical requirement there are also three types of PCI cards: 5-volt PCI for desktop computers, 3.3-volt PCI for laptops and Universal that can be used for the two previous systems.

-Ports or AGP BUS
BUS AGP. It means Advanced Graphics Port and it is a system used for the connection of peripherals on the motherboard that transfers data from the microprocessor to the peripheral that is connected to the bus. The AGP BUS offers several types of operation
-Port Express ports
PCI Express BUS. The latest technology, came to replace the PCI and AGP buses, has great transfer speed. It has two speeds, the PCI Express 1X with speed of 133Mhz for devices such as audio cards and TV. And the PCI Express 16X with a speed of 2128Mhz for graphics cards.

17) SATA, PATA or IDE connectors -Ide: In general, the IDE / ATA connector

17) SATA, PATA or IDE connectors
-Ide: In general, the IDE / ATA connector of the motherboard is a simple 40-pin connector to which a flat cable is fastened, which goes from the motherboard to the disk drive. These pins are a subset of the 98 contacts of the 16-bit ISA slots. The reason is that a disk controller never needs more than 40 ISA bus signals.
- Ata: is a data transfer interface between the motherboard and some storage devices, such as the hard disk, CD / DVD / BR readers and re-writers, Solid State Units or other high-performance devices that are still being developed. The ATA standard allows storage peripherals to be connected directly to the motherboard using a ribbon cable, usually consisting of 40 parallel wires and three connectors (usually a blue connector for the motherboard and a black connector and a gray connector for the two peripherals). storage).
- Sata: The sata connector is very thin and lightweight, and barring some new introductions in the present, it does not have a safe that affirms it in the motherboard or in the device, which makes it a very weak connector, too exposed to unplugging or make bad contact with a simple transfer of a PC (in fact the first thing I do when a PC does not boot is to check the SATA cable, and believe me, it is a very high percentage) this is something unforgivable for so many companies and engineers involved.
- Pata: PATA is an abbreviation of adjunct of advanced technology in parallel. It is a regular interface that is used within PCs to connect all kinds of storage devices such as hard drives, CD or DVD drives and solid state disks to the motherboard. The PATA interface connector consists of thirty-four pins and connects to a flat ribbon cable about two inches wide. It does not support hot swapping.

16) Memory Ram DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4.

16) Memory Ram DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4.
- DDR: Double Data Rate, means memory of double data transfer rate in Spanish. They are modules composed by synchronous memories (SDRAM), available in DIMM encapsulation, which allows the transfer of data through two different channels simultaneously in the same clock cycle. DDRs support a maximum capacity of 1 GB.
-DDR2: It is the evolution of the DDR-SDRAM memory, from which it differs by operating at a higher clock speed (up to 400MHz), needing a lower voltage (only 1.8V instead of 2.5V) and having greater latencies. They are mounted on 240-contact DIMM modules.
-DDR3: It is the evolution of the DDR2 memory, and as in the previous case, these memories have a higher clock speed (from 400 to 1066 MHz), lower voltage (we go to 1.5 V) and higher latencies. They are mounted on 240-contact DIMM modules, just like DDR2 memory, however, they are not compatible because they work at different speeds and voltages.

15) Intel Processors (Atom, Celeron, Pentium, Dual Core, M Series, i3, i5, i7, itanium, Xeon) 1-6 Generation, AMD (Athlon, Sempron, Turion, Phenom, Fusion, Bulldozer, Series A, Series FX)

15) Intel Processors (Atom, Celeron, Pentium, Dual Core, M Series, i3, i5, i7, itanium, Xeon) 1-6 Generation, AMD (Athlon, Sempron, Turion, Phenom, Fusion, Bulldozer, Series A, Series FX); -Intel: Intel's microprocessors include the multi-core technologies implemented in the Pentium D and Core 2 Duo processors, the Centrino mobile technology developed for the notebook market and the Hyper-Threading technology integrated in Intel Pentium 4 processors and processors. Intel Core. - INTEL PROCESSORS (i3, i5, i7) -i3: Ideal to enjoy multimedia content in High Definition and next-generation video games. It has an innovative Video controller integrated to the processor offering a smooth reproduction of HD media and advanced 3D capabilities. It has Intel Hyper-Threading technology allows each core to perform 2 simultaneous threads maximizing speed in multiple tasks. Qualified with Intel 64 Technology, it allows applications to be run in both 32bit and 64bit applications. Its manufacturing process is 32nm achieving an excellent energy saving, lower noise and generating less heat. -i5: This microprocessor has four real cores and uses Turbo Boost technology. It is a technology that allows to analyze the load of the microprocessor cores and perform the tasks according to this information to improve the efficiency of the PC. Turbo Boost accelerates the CPU to use any additional power capacity. -i7: This microprocessor has four real cores plus HT technology. It also has Turbo Boost technology so it makes it one of the most advanced and complete in the market. -AMD: AMD processors Athlon: There are versions that go from the two to the four cores. ... APUs: Integrate processor and GPU in the same package. ... FX 4300: They have four cores and very high working frequencies, which allows them to offer a good performance in general. 16) Memory Ram DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4. - DDR: Double Data Rate, means memory of double data transfer rate in Spanish. They are modules composed by synchronous memories (SDRAM), available in DIMM encapsulation, which allows the transfer of data through two different channels simultaneously in the same clock cycle. DDRs support a maximum capacity of 1 GB. -DDR2: It is the evolution of the DDR-SDRAM memory, from which it differs by operating at a higher clock speed (up to 400MHz), needing a lower voltage (only 1.8V instead of 2.5V) and having greater latencies. They are mounted on 240-contact DIMM modules. -DDR3: It is the evolution of DDR2 memory

14) Microprocessors Architectures of 32 and 64 bits.

14) Microprocessors Architectures of 32 and 64 bits. - In the world of computing, the 32 and 64 bits refer to the type of central processing unit or CPU, the operating system, drivers and software. All of them use the same architecture. In this way all the components speak "the same language", and the only ones can function correctly with the others. In general, the most used architectures today are two. On the one hand are the 32-bit, whose software is also known as x86, and 64-bit hardware whose software is also known as x64 or x86-64 which in turn is also known as AMD64.

13) Processors (Microprocessors) Sockets, Multicore, hyper ready

13) Processors (Microprocessors) Sockets, Multicore, hyper ready.
-Zocalos: The socket of CPU (socket in English) is a type of electronic socket (electromechanical system of support and electrical connection) installed on the motherboard, which is used to fix and connect the microprocessor, without welding which allows to be extracted after.
-Multicore: A multi-core processor is one that combines two or more independent microprocessors in a single package, often a single integrated circuit. A dual-core device contains only two independent microprocessors.
-Hyper ready: HyperThreading (also known as H Technology) is a registered trademark of the company Intel to promote the implementation of the technology '' Simultaneous Multithreading '', also known as SMT. It allows programs prepared to execute multiple threads (multi-threaded), process them in parallel within a single processor, increasing the use of the processor execution units.

12) Firewire Port (IEEE 1394), Jack 3.5 Mono and Stereo Sound, Thunderbolt, TOSLINK, RCA, S / PDIF

12) Firewire Port (IEEE 1394), Jack 3.5 Mono and Stereo Sound, Thunderbolt, TOSLINK, RCA, S / PDIF
-Port Firewire: FireWire is a technology for the input / output of serial data at high speed and the connection of digital devices such as digital cameras or camcorders and laptops or desktops.
-Sound Jack 3.5: The analog audio connector (audio Jack in English) of analog signals is used to connect microphones, headphones and other analog signal systems to electronic devices, but especially audio. A color code is used to distinguish them: green, blue, pink / red, gray, black, orange.
-TOSLINK: (TOShiba LINK) is a fiber optic connection standard created by Toshiba in 1983, which is based on the use of optical signals instead of electrical signals. It is generally used for the interconnection of audio equipment, although it supports different formats, both physical and data.
-RCA: RCA connectors for composite video (yellow) and stereo sound (white and red). The RCA connector, also called Cinch connector, is a type of electrical black connector common in the audiovisual market. ... One problem with the RCA system is that each signal needs its own cable.
-S / PDIF: The acronym S / PDIF or S / P-DIF corresponds to Sony / Philips Digital Interface Format (Sony / Philips Digital Interface Format), also known by its code according to the International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 958 type 95, part of IEC-60958. It consists of a hardware level protocol for the transmission of digital audio signals modulated in PCM between devices and stereo components

11) Screen resolutions (HD, HDR, Full HD, WUXGA, 2K, 4K, 8K)

11) Screen resolutions (HD, HDR, Full HD, WUXGA, 2K, 4K, 8K)
-HD: High definition (HD), better known as HD or HQ (stands for High Definition or High Quality, respectively), is an image, video or sound system with higher resolution than the standard definition, reaching resolutions of 1280 × 720 pixels and 1920 × 1080 pixels.
-HDR: High Dynamic Range "HDR" technology or high dynamic range, is a concept that will sound familiar to photography lovers. ... In addition, it is a technology integrated in UHD TVs which has a resolution 4 times higher than a full HD resolution TV.
-Full HD: 1080p or Full HD. ... So 1080p is the vertical resolution. Almost all high definition televisions have a ratio of 1.78: 1 (16x9, that is, "widescreen"), so that means a horizontal resolution of 1,920 pixels (1,920 x 1,080).
- Wide Ultra eXtended Graphics Array or WUXGA is a graphical display mode of ... is an adaptation of UXGA mode for panoramic monitors. WUXGA has a resolution of 1920x1200, equivalent to 2.3 Megapixels.
-2K: a resolution that has 2048 x 1080 pixels and corresponds to about 2.2 megapixels. With this term we must be careful, because in many places we will find mobile phones with a 2K screen but with a higher resolution.
-4K: 4K technology is an improvement in the resolution of the image that is included in today's televisions, which is capable of quadrupling the resolution offered by High Definition, HD or High-Definition. This technology is capable of reaching 3840x2160 pixels and is also known as Ultra HD.
-8K: It is the maximum resolution used in UHDV, its resolution is 7680 × 4320 pixels (16: 9) (33.1 megapixels, approx 33.2), quadruples the 1080p high definition television standard in both vertical and vertical dimensions. horizontal

10) Monitors CTR, LCD, Plasma, LED (OLED, AMOLED, Super Amoled), Curves, Tactile, Multitactil. -CTR: Definition of CRT monitor. A CRT monitor, or cathode ray tube, uses electrons to transfer images from a program source (probably a computer or antenna).

10) Monitors CTR, LCD, Plasma, LED (OLED, AMOLED, Super Amoled), Curves, Tactile, Multitactil.
-CTR: Definition of CRT monitor. A CRT monitor, or cathode ray tube, uses electrons to transfer images from a program source (probably a computer or antenna).
-LCD: An LCD screen (acronym for "liquid crystal" in English) is that thin screen, formed by a certain number of pixels that are placed in front of a light source. ... Liquid crystal allows light to pass from one polarizer to the other.
-Plasma: A plasma screen (from its acronym in English Plasma Display Panel) is a flat screen device commonly used in large format televisions (37 to 80 inches). It is also currently used in TVs of small formats, such as 32 inches.
-LED: A LED screen is an electronic device made up of LEDs, which can display data, information, images, videos, etc ... To the spectators close to it. It is characterized by being composed of light-emitting diodes or LEDs, derived from the English acronym LED.
-Curves: A plasma television with the peculiarity that it has a curvature on its screen that creates a better quality effect on the screen.
-Tactil: A touch screen (in English, touch screen), in some places also called tóuch, is a screen that through a direct touch on its surface allows the entry of data and commands to the device, and in turn shows the results previously entered ; acts as a peripheral input and output of data ...
-Multitactil: Multi-touch technology consists of a touch screen or touchpad that simultaneously recognizes multiple points of contact, as well as the software associated with it that allows interpreting such simultaneous interactions

9) Video Ports

9) Video Ports (S-Video, HDMI, VGA, DVI, Scart, Display Port, Mini Display Port)
- S-Video: Separated-Video, also known as S-Video or Y / C, is a type of analog video signal.
It is erroneously known as Super-Video, and should not be confused with the term S-VHS (Super Video Home System) which is a tape recording format (videotape).
-HDMI: High-Definition Multimedia Interface or HDMI ("high-definition multimedia interface") is a video standard, encryption without compression supported by the industry to be the substitute for the scart. HDMI provides an interface between any digital audio and video source such as a DTT tuner, a Blu-ray player, a tablet PC, a computer (Microsoft Windows, GNU / Linux, Apple Mac OS X, etc.). A / V receiver, and a compatible digital audio / video monitor, such as a digital television (DTV).
-VGA: Video Graphics Array (VGA) or Graphic Video Arrangement is used to name: A standard analog computer screen, Resolution 640 × 480 pixels, The 15-pin D-subminiature connector, The graphics card that IBM marketed for the first time time in 1988. The signal that is issued through these cables is analog, so it has certain disadvantages compared to digital signals.
-DVI: The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) or "Digital Visual Interface" is a video interface designed to obtain the highest possible display quality on digital screens, such as monitors with flat-screen LCD and the digital projectors.
-Euroconnector: The euroconnector is a standard connector with 21 connections or pins, which exchanges audio and video information. It was designed in France in 1978 and by law is mandatory since 1981 on all television and video equipment marketed in France. Also known as SCART by the abbreviations of the Syndicat des Constructeurs d'Appareils Radiorécepteurs et Téléviseurs (especially in the Anglo-Saxon countries), curiously in France that name is hardly used, being used mostly as a name Péritel.
-DisplayPort: is a standard digital device interface developed by the Association of Electronic Video Standards (VESA). Free of licenses and fees, defines a type of interconnection intended primarily for the transmission of video between a computer and its monitor. Optionally allows the transmission of audio for use for example in home theater systems, and sending data, for example USB.

8) USB Ports 1.0 - 2.0 - 3.0, Type-A, Type-B, Type-C, Usb Mini, Micro Usb, PS / 2, Ethernet (Rj45, Speed ​​(10,100,1000)). Serial, Parallel, External Sata.

8) USB Ports 1.0 - 2.0 - 3.0, Type-A, Type-B, Type-C, Usb Mini, Micro Usb, PS / 2, Ethernet (Rj45, Speed ​​(10,100,1000)). Serial, Parallel, External Sata. - USB 1.0, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0, what does the number mean? As in software, the number that accompanies the acronym USB (Universal Serial Bus) refers to the version of the technology, and therefore follows a chronological order. After USB 1.0, which allowed transfer speeds of 188 kB / s, USB 1.1 arrived, with 1.5 MB / s of maximum. usb type-c When the jump between versions has been important, or its use has changed the way we understand technology, we have updated the first digit. This happened with USB 2.0. We stopped using this plug only for keyboards and mice, since its 480 MB / s of transmission speed allowed its use as a spike or pendrive, the coupling of an external hard drive and even connect two computers. It also allows charging devices at 0.5 A. The USB 3.0 went further, and we can transmit up to 600 MB / s (5 Gbps) and charge our devices at 0.9 A. The latest version of this standard, the USB 3.2 will allow working with up to two lines in parallel, reaching transmission speeds of up to 10 Gbps. The importance of the quality of the cable and the plug These standards define the maximum data speed and the maximum load amperage that the cable is capable of carrying, but they do not speak about the quality of the cable.

7) MainBoard (Motherboard).

7) MainBoard (Motherboard). -MainBoard (Motherboard): It is the main part of a computer also known as the BOARD because it serves as a host for the other components allowing them to interact with each other and can perform processes. The motherboard is the main component of a personal computer. It is the component that integrates all others.

6) Source Connectors

6) Source Connectors (ATX 20/24 Pins, ATX P4, Molex, Sata, PCI Express) - ATX Connector 20/24 Pin: It is the one that feeds the motherboard, formerly of 20 pins, the current standard provides 24 pins. It is almost always composed of a block of 20 pins, to which we can add a block of 4 pins. This in order to respect the compatibility with the old plates with 20 pin connectors. -ATX P4: "ATX P4" (or also ATX 12V), connects to the motherboard and is exclusively for the processor power, without it it is impossible to start the computer Currently most motherboards have 8 pins, due to the increase in CPU power. -Molex type connector: The most classic and even present in all computers, sometimes used directly on the motherboard, serves to connect the hard drive and all types of drives (reader, recorder). -Sata: It is present in all modern computers, it is used to power hard drives and recorders under the SATA standard. - PCI Express connector: The power of graphic cards does not stop increasing, many of them need a direct power supply of the main block (sometimes even two). This is the function of this connector. Initially of 6 pins, more and more we can find them of 8.

5) Power sources

5) Power sources (AT, ATX, Mini ATX). Royal Watts -Fuente power: It is a device that converts the AC voltage of the supply network, in one or several voltages, virtually continuous, which feed the various circuits of the electronic device to which it is connected (computer, TV, printer, router, etc. .). -AT: Motherboard. The two remaining types, of which there is a variable amount, feed the peripherals not plugged into a slot of the motherboard, such as hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, floppy drives, etc. -ATX: It is very similar to the AT, but it has a series of differences, both in its operation and in the voltages delivered to the motherboard. The ATX source actually consists of two parts: a main source, which corresponds to the old AT source (with some aggregates), and an auxiliary source. -Mini ATX: It is a power source for a motherboard format fully developed by VIA Technologies. Although it is a proprietary source format, its specifications are open. In fact, other manufacturers have products in this format. -Watts Real molex

4) Power Cable.

4) Power Cable.
- It is the cable that goes from the power socket (or from the voltage stabilizer plug) to the power source (or power source) of the computer, usually located in the upper rear part of the cabinet.

3) Multimeter

3) Multimeter.
-A multimeter is an instrument that allows directly measuring active electrical magnitudes such as currents and difference of potentials or passive as resistances, capacities and others. The measurements can be made for direct or alternating current.

2) Input and Output Devices.

2) Input and Output Devices. -They are those that allow to represent the results (output) of the data process. The typical output device is the screen or monitor. Other output devices are: printers (print results on paper), plotters (plotters), speakers, among others ...

1) Alternating Current and Direct Current.

-Alternative current (AC) is a type of electrical current, in which the direction of the flow of electrons goes and comes at regular intervals or in cycles. The current flowing through the power lines and the electricity normally available in the houses from the wall outlets is alternating current